chore: move to patches (#4997)

* Move integration types into code-server

This will be easier to maintain than to have it as a patch.

* Disable connection token

Using a flag means we will not need to patch it out.  I think this is
new from 1.64?

* Add product.json to build process

This way we do not have to patch it.

* Ship with remote agent package.json

Instead of the root one.  This contains fewer dependencies.

* Let Code handle errors

This way we will not have to patch Code to make this work and I think it
makes sense to let Code handle the request.

If we do want to handle errors we can do it cleanly by patching their
error handler to throw instead.

* Move manifest override into code-server

This way we will not have to patch it.

* Move to patches

- Switch submodule to track upstream
- Add quilt to the process
- Add patches

The node-* ignore was ignoring one of the diffs so I removed it.  This
was added when we were curling Node as node-v{version}-darwin-x64 for
the macOS build but this no longer happens (we use the Node action to
install a specific version now so we just use the system-wide Node).

* Use pre-packaged Code

ci/build/build-standalone-release.sh

@@ -29,11 +29,6 @@ main() {
 
   cd "$RELEASE_PATH"
   yarn --production --frozen-lockfile
-
-  # HACK: the version of Typescript vscode 1.57 uses in extensions/
-  # leaves a few stray symlinks. Clean them up so nfpm does not fail.
-  # Remove this line when its no longer needed.
-  rm -fr "$RELEASE_PATH/lib/vscode/extensions/node_modules/.bin"
 }
 
 main "$@"